This method can provide a proper and prolonged drug delivery with a steady state drug profile (Alexander et al., 2012). The suitable drug characteristics are low molecular weight (500 Da), high lipophilicity, and low therapeutic dose (Murthy, 2012). The limitation of TDDS is the stratum corneum (SC) which acts as a barrier to prevent the drug permeation (Alkilani et al., 2015). To overcome this limitation, several active methods (ultrasound, iontophoresis, microneedle) are applied in TDDS. Iontophoresis is a popular technique as it uses a low electrical current (0.1–1.0 mA/cm 2) without harming the human skin to drive the drug across SC and to enhance the skin permeation resistance (Chen et al., 2009). #The sims 1 complete collection patch 1.91 skin The iontophoresis approach can control the drug release rate, amount and duration with a predetermined electric current (Szunerits & Boukherroub, 2018). Hydrogel is a three-dimensional porous structure with a water swollen polymeric network attained via physical or chemical crosslinks (Huang et al., 2019). The interconnected porous structures of hydrogels provide channels for the transportations of water and drugs (Kuang et al., 2019). Examples of biobased polymeric hydrogels are gelatin, agarose, sodium alginate, and silk fibroin (Schacht, 2004). Several hydrogels have been utilized as the matrices for the controlled TDDS. #The sims 1 complete collection patch 1.91 skin.
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